英语句法SVO.ppt 49页

? 【句型】SVO (11) 主语+及物动词+ 疑问词+不定式?【用法】在本句型中，疑问词引导的动词不定式作宾语。这种动词不定式一般都是表示尚未进行的动作，而不能表示已经进行或过去进行的动作。这种结构一般都可用宾语从句替换。 常用于本句型的动词有：ask, explain, observe, understand, consider, forget, wonder, guess, decide, remember, see, find out, determine, inquire, settle, discover, know, tell, think out, discuss, learn, think等。? We haven’t determined when to start. I’ll find out which number to dial .【练习】 ? 我不知道选哪个好。I wonder/don’t know which to choose. ? 我们将讨论一下如何解决这个问题。 We will discuss how to solve the problem. ? 我不知道该向谁求助。I don’t know whom to turn to for help. ? 我在考虑下步怎么办。I’m thinking what to do next. ? 他不知道讲话一开始该说什么好。He didn’t know what to say at the beginning of his talk. ? 【句型】SVO (12) 主语 + 及物动词 + 动名词(短语)?【用法】?在本句型中，动名词作宾语。?注意有些及物动词必须用动名词作宾语，常见的有：admit, can’t help, advise, imagine, report, enjoy, include, resist, appreciate, escape, keep, risk, consider, mention, excuse, mind, stop, defend, face, miss, suffer, pardon, suggest, delay, finish, practice, understand, describe, forbid, prevent, forgive等。 ?有些及物动词用动名词或不定式均可，但用法有区别。常见的有：like, love, hate, prefer, regret, fear, begin, start, continue, try, bear, forget, remember, attempt, need, mean等。 ? He enjoys reading short stories. Please stop talking. He has finished writing it. She couldn’t help crying .【练习】 ? 你必须在课外练习说英语。You must practice speaking English out of class. ? 他最后承认杀害了他的妻子。He admitted killing his wife at last. ? 我的家庭作业真难免出错。I can hardly avoid making mistakes in my homework. ? 他建议出去走走。He suggested going out for a walk. ? 我们恭候佳音。We shall appreciate hearing from you again. ? 我记不起以前在什么地方见过他。I don’t remember seeing him anywhere before. ? 【句型】SVO (13) 主语+ want等+ 动名词((短语)?【用法】在本句型中，谓语动词是want(需要), need(需要), require(需要)，宾语是动名词，均有被动意义，一般等于动词不定式的被动式(to be done)，表示主语是动名词动作的承受者。? All the flowers want watering.My recorder needs repairing .【练习】 ? 他的发音需要改进。His pronunciation wants improving. ? 玻璃杯需要清洗。The glasses need cleaning. ? 地板该洗了。The floor requires washing. ? 房子需要油漆了。The house wants painting. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o. ? 【句型】SVO (14) 主语 + do+ 动名词?【用法】在本句型中，谓语动词为do,　但无明显词义，句意主要是由用作宾语的动名词来表达的。动名词前可用冠词、所有格、不定代词、形容词等作定语。? do some reading 看书， do some washing 洗衣服， do the typing 打字, do some mending做修补 do some weeding 锄草, do the sightseeing 游览,do the translating翻译, do much thinking 勤思考, do some listening听录音，do most of the talking说得多, do some cooking做饭, do some writing书写。 【练习】 ? 我们下周初将做依次大扫除。We will do a thorough cleaning early next week.. ? 她每个周末都洗许多衣物。She does a lot of washing every weekend. ? 谁为我们做饭？Who will do the cooking for us? ? 【句型】SVO (15) 主语+及物动词+ that宾语从句?【用法】在本句型中及物动词后跟连词that引导的宾语从句。that无任何词义，在一些常用动词之后可以省略。常用于本句型的动词有：? accept, decide, hope, declare, ignore, realize, add, admit, recognize, agree, intend, regret,, allow, judge, remark, announce, know, remember, answer, learn, repeat, arrange, mean, ask, dream, mention, mind, expect, explain, note, say, notice, see, fear, object, sense, observe, show, find, state, claim, permit, comment, conclude, pretend, trust, hear, promise, understand, hope, consider, prove, read, write等。 ? 用于“否定转移”的动词有： think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine，feel. ? 宾语从句用虚拟语气的动词有：suggest，propose，recommend，advise，order，command, demand， request，require , instruct， insist，prefer, desire, wish. ? doubt用于否定句或疑问句时须用that, 但在肯定句中须用whether. ? Suppose you were in the same position as he is.He has learned that he failed in the examination. He regretted that the work had been left unfinished ? 【练习】 ? 我希望明天天气保持晴朗。I hope (that) the weather will stay fine tomorrow. ? 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。I wish I were 30 years younger. ? 我想他们还没拿定主意。I don’t think (that) they have made up their minds. ? 他假装病了以便能待在家里。He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home. ? 他补充说他们对测试结果表示满意。He added that they were pleased with the test result. ? 医生建议他不要再抽烟。The doctor suggested that he(should) not smoke any more． ? 我们认为没有必要买一台新电脑。We dont think its necessary to buy a new computer. ? 在电话里，他说到他病了。On the telephone, he mentioned that he had been ill. ? 他从不承认自己错了。 He never admits that he is wrong. ? 政府宣布他们将修建一条通向山区的新公路。 The government announced that they would build a new highway to the mountain. ? 【句型】SVO (16) 主语+及物动词+“疑问词”从句?【用法】在本句型中，宾语从句用疑问代词、疑问副词或连词whether/if引导，但宾语从句要用陈述句的语序。常用于本句型的动词有：tell, agree, discuss, know, see, ask, doubt, learn, settle, say，believe, explain, show, care, find, observe, consider, forget, guess, realize, decide, think, wonder, understand, remember, disagree, imagine, discover.? I don’t know if he’ll have a try at it. I doubt if he will succeed.They’re discussing how they can solve the problem .【练习】 ? 他还没有决定什么时候回国。He hasn’t decided when he will leave for his homeland. ? 我想象不出他是什么长相。I cant imagine what he looks like. ? 我很想知道他是谁, 从哪里来, 来干什么。 I wonder who he is, where he came from and why he came. ? 我们讨论了什么时候召开全体人员会议。 We discussed when the meeting of the whole staff was to be held. ? 他问王先生的手术是否成功。He asked if Mr. Wang’s operation had been successful. ? 他解释了怎样使用那台机器。He explained how the machine was used. ? 你有没有发现这些日子以来是谁一直在给你送花? Did you ever discover who had been sending you the flowers these days? 【句型】SVO ? SVO (1) 主语 + 及物动词 + 名词/代词 ?【用法】在本句型中，及物动词作谓语, 名词或代词的宾格作宾语。一些及物动词用于此结构，就可表达完整的意义，无须添加其它成分。如果有状语，也可省略，一般不影响句意的完整。大多数这类动词可用于被动语态。 She changed his clothes. (SVO) I drank a glass of beer.(SVO) I know her very well. (SVOA) He wrote two books last year. (SVOA) ? 【练习】 ? 刚才是谁接的电话？ Who answered the telephone just now? ? 我简直不能相信我的眼睛。 I just could not believe my eyes. ? 他立即听出是他的声音。 He immediately recognized his voice. ? 警察抓住了火车上的小偷。 The police caught the thief in the train. ? 那位音乐家已收集了500多首民歌。 The musician has collected over 500 folk songs． ? 他们进行的一项科学实验很成功。 They performed a scientific experiment successfully. ? SVO (2) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 状语?【用法】在本句型中，除主、谓、宾外，还有一个状语，状语多为介词短语。这里的状语不可省，否则话未说完，句意便不清楚。 I put all the books in that box。 I found a letter under his pillow. ?【练习】 ?他把桌子推近窗户。 He pushed the table nearer the window. ? 她把她的婴儿抱在怀里。 She carried her baby in her arms. ? 我们跟随着化学老师进入办公室。 We followed our chemistry teacher into his office. ? 昨天校长领着外宾参观了我校。 Yesterday our headmaster showed some foreign guests around our school. ?SVO (3) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 不定式 ?【用法】在本句型中，动词不定式作状语表示目的或结果。表目的时，可在不定式前加for sb.，表示不定式的逻辑主语；可在不定式前加in order或so as。 He opened the door to let the cat in. They will need two hours to finish the work. 【练习】 ? 昨天晚上他们开了个晚会来庆祝他们的成功。 They gave a party to celebrate their success yesterday evening. ? 他们学习英语是为了将来更好地工作。 They study English in order to work better in the future. ? 他买了一辆自行车给他儿子骑。He bought a bike for his son to ride. ? 他每天做晨练，为的是增强体质。 He does morning exercise every day so as to build up his body. ? 他写了许多小故事让孩子们读。 He wrote quire a few short stories for children to read. ? SVO (3) 主语+及物动词+与动词同源的名词 ?【用法】在本句型中，不及物动词用作及物动词，用作宾语的名词与动词同源，故被称为同源宾语。 常见的同源结构是：vt. + a + adj. + n. (与动词同源的名词) She smiled a very sweet smile. 她甜蜜地笑了一笑。 They all slept a sound sleep last night. 那晚他们都睡得很香。 They laughed a hearty laugh. 他们发出尽情的欢笑。 He died a heroic death on the battle field. 他在战场上壮烈牺牲了。 ?【练习】 ? 他现在正过着幸福安逸的日子。 He is now living a happy and easy life. ? 昨晚我做了一个奇怪的梦。 I dreamt a very strange dream last night. ? 为保卫祖国，他们浴血奋战。 They fought a bloody fight to defend their motherland. ? 今天上午老师在班上讲了一个神话故事。 The teacher told a fairy tale in class this morning. ? 她在晚会上唱了一支优美的歌曲。 She sang a very nice song at the evening party.. ? 上星期孩子们在运动会上跑了百米。 The boys ran a hundred-metre race at the sports meet last week.. ? SVO (4) 主语+及物动词+可用作动词的名词?【用法】在本句型中，谓语动词是常用的及物动词，如have, take, make, do, give等，用作宾语的名词一般都可作动词。掌握该句型的关键是要记住动词和名词的搭配。 have + n.: a rest, a walk, a look, a bath, a drive, a ride, a nap, a share, a smoke, a try, a haircut, a good time take + n.: care, a breath, a turn, a notice, measures, a drive, a nap, a bath, a walk, a run, action, a step, an exam make + n. : progress, a telephone call, preparations, an effort, a discovery, a promise, a change, a mistake, success. give + n.: a ring, push, a pull, a kick, a smile, a cry, a try, a shout, a laugh, a call, a shock, a lead, touch, a talk, a welcome, a wash, a long sign, a nod, a clean, a blow do + n. : damage, service, work, exercise, a play, repairs ?【练习】 ? 我将尽一切努力帮助他。 I will make every effort to help him. ? 昨夜风暴造成巨大损害。 The storm did a lot of damage last night. ? 现在深呼吸，你就会感觉好一些。 Now take a deep breath, and you will feel better. ? 他听了这些话，长叹了一声。 When he heard the words, he gave a sign. ? 他们深入研究了我们的新方案。 They made a deep study of our new project. ? SVO (5) 主语 + have + 名词 ?【用法】在本句型中，谓语动词是have, 作“有”解，表示“所有”, “占有”关系, 译成汉语为 “某人(物)拥有某(人)物”。构成疑问句和否定句时有两种办法：一是借助do, 二是用haven’t /hasn’t表否定，将have或has 提到主语前构成疑问句。在英国英语中用have got代替have. He has got a new bike. I haven’t got any sisters. She has blue eyes. The room has two windows. ? 【练习】 ? 我没有足够的钱买那本书。 I haven’t got enough money to buy the book. ? 一个正方形有四条边。 A square has four sides. ? 我妈妈有一段辛酸的童年。 My mother had a very unhappy childhood. ? 我们的朋友遍天下。 We have friends all over the world. ? 我对英语语法没有多大困难。 I don’t have much difficulty with English grammar． ? SVO (6) 主语 + have + 名词 + 不定式(短语) ?【用法】在本句型中，谓语仍是have (got), 不定式作名词的定语，表示“(主语)有某事要做”。不定式须为及物动词，若表示不定式的动作是句中主语做的，不定式用to do(主动式), 若表示不定式的动作不是由句中主语做的，而是由其他人去做的，不定式用to be done(被动式)。 He has nothing to say. We have nobody to depend on. She has a nice room to live in. ?【练习】 ? 我今天下午有个会要参加。 I have (got) a meeting to attend this afternoon. ? 经理有不少信要在十二点只天打出来。 The manager has (got) quire a few letters to be typed out before 12 o’clock. ? 我有许多信要回。 I have (got) a lot of letter to answer. ? 那个秘书要处理的文件太多了。 The secretary has (got) too many papers to deal with. ? 我有一件行李要受检查。 I have (got) a piece of luggage to be examined ? SVO (7) 主语 + 短语动词 + 名词 ?【用法】在本句型中，作谓语的是短语动词(不及物动词加上一个介词)，名词作介词的宾语。短语动词可用被动语态，介词仍须紧跟动词之后。常见的短语动词有：wait for, look after, listen to, depend on, call on, belong to, happen to, hear from, stick to, succeed in, hear of, think of等等。 He’s waiting for me. What happened to him? You must stick to the principle ?【练习】 ? 运动会的日期完全得看天气如何而定。 The date of the sports meeting all depends on the weather. ? 有些学生总是渴望着放假。 Some of the students are always longing for holidays. ? 他终于克服了所有的困难。 He succeeded in getting over all the difficulty.. ? 他入学考试失败了。 He failed in the entrance examination. ? 在我国，老年人受到了精心的照顾。 In our country, the old are carefully looked after. ? SVO (8) 主语+ 动词短语+ 名词 ?【用法】在本句型中，动词短语(一个及物动词，一个名词和一个特定的介词组成)作谓语，动词短语起及物动词的作用，后跟名词作宾语。 变为被动语态的方式有两种：一是用动词短语中的名词作主语，二是用动词短语后面的宾语作主语。 常见的动词短语如：catch sight of, lose sight of, take an interest in, take part in, pay a visit to, make use of, give care to, pay attention to, take care of等等。 I didn’t pay attention to it at first最初我没有注意到它。 You should give more care to your study. 你应当对学习更加认真。 ?【练习】 ? 我们必须争分夺秒掌握更多的知识。 We must make good use of every minute to master some more knowledge. ? 警察最后抓住了那个小偷。 The police caught hold of the thief at last. ? 应该更多地注意贫穷和饥饿。 Some more attention should be paid to poverty and hunger. ? 他们跟我开了一个玩笑。They played a trick on me. ? 你必须改掉吸烟的不良习惯。You must get rid of the bad habit of smoking. ? 我们必须充分利用目前这良好的条件。 We must take the fullest advantage of the present good condition. ? 【句型】SVO (9) 主语+及物动词+ 副词+ 名词?【用法】在本句型中，短语动词(一个单音节及物动词和一个副词构成)作谓语。名词作宾语，放在副词后，代词作宾语，放在副词前。 常见的如：put on, take off, give up, put off, take over, leave out, pick up, get on, hand out等等? She put on her overcoat and went out.We’ve turned them over to the police.A new hospital was set up last year.He has put aside quire a sum of money ?【练习】 ? 他们将把会议推迟到五天以后。They will put off the meeting till five days later. ? 那个床占的面积太大。The bed takes up too much room. ? 他们在英语课上编演了个对话。 They made up a dialogue and acted it out in the English class. ? 你最好把这一句话删去。You’d better leave out the sentence. ? 他们最后实现了他们的计划。They carried out their plan at last. ? 【句型】SVO (10) 主语 + 及物动词 + 动词不定式?【用法】?在本句型中，动词不定式作宾语。? 按句意需要，可在不定式前加not或never表示否定。? 不定式可用被动式(表示主语是不定式动作的承受者)，完成式(在mean/intend/plan等表示打算的动词后用不定式的完成式表示打算进行而未进行的动作)，进行式(表示动作正在进行)。 ? 常用于本句型的动词有：learn, afford, decide, seek, long, agree, manage, aim, demand, mean, arrange, desire, offer, tend, ask, determine, plan, think, attempt, prepare, threaten, beg, expect, forget, pretend, care, choose, help, promise, want, hope, refuse, wish, intend, remember等。 ? I hope to see you at the next meeting.She wishes to be a doctor when she grows up. ? 【练习】 ? 父亲已经答应给儿子买一辆自行车作为生日礼物。 The father has promised to buy a bike for his sun as a birthday present. ? 他假装知道这件事的来龙去脉。He pretended to know everything about it. ? 他本来打算和我们一道到西安去旅游。He intended to have joined us for the trip to Xi’ an. ? 我可不是有意伤害她的感情。I didn’t mean to hurt her feelings. ? 每位学生都希望被大学录取。Each of the students wishes to be admitted into the university. ? 他已下决心不再犯如此愚蠢的错误。He has decided never to make such a stupid mistake.